DNA Analysis and Invasive Aquatic Species: Using Environmental DNA ...
Scientific Procedures Used in Environmental DNA Analysis David Lodge, Director of the Center for Aquatic Conservation and Professor of Biological Sciences at the University of Notre Dame, described the method of the eDNA method in his declaration... Applying Environmental DNA Analysis Applying the eDNA method with simpler methods of observation can be quite useful in finding where fish populations are traveling. Using Environmental DNA to Predict the Presence of Asian Carp -- A Possible Ecological Disaster Biologists collected samples in the Chicago Area Waterway System for eDNA analysis. According to the January 24, 2010 Chicago Tribune article, " Carp DNA: Researchers treat lake like a crime scene ," Joel Hood reported that, "One sample has been found in Calumet Harbor, inside the rim of the lake. Lindsay Chadderton, the Nature Conservancy's Great Lakes Aquatic Invasive Species Director, worked with researchers at the University of Notre Dame to develop the environmental DNA (eDNA) method. The only evidence Michigan presented in the first round of the lawsuit was the presence of Asian carp DNA. This invasive aquatic species can become the dominant species in the lakes and possibly create hazardous conditions for boaters--the silver carp jumps out of the water injuring boaters. The purpose of using PCR to make DNA copies is to allow the researchers to test the samples multiple times for accuracy. " He stated that the "eDNA from silver and bighead carp is likely to come from mucus, intestinal lining shed with feces, cells from the urinary tract shed in urine, cells sloughed from gills, or some combination thereof. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to make many copies of the DNA for testing. A 2-liter sample is collected from the water surface and kept on ice to prevent further DNA breakdown while transported to the laboratory. All DNA is removed from the solid collection. The lawsuit stems from the threat of Asian carp entering Lake Michigan and possibly creating an ecological disaster. Molecular markers that are unique to the species in question, in this case, silver and bighead carp, are identified and used to determine whether the samples are a match. The State of Michigan launched a lawsuit against the State of Illinois in 2009 to force the closure of the Chicago Area Waterway locks. The purpose of this study was to predict the movement of the Asian Carp and whether or not it had already migrated into Lake Michigan. He noted that DNA breaks down between six and 48 hours. Lodge pointed out that the Asian carp are swimming against the current toward Lake Michigan. Lodge described the eDNA method:. This means shed cells will move downstream with the flow of water, away from the lake....
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